Lead poisoning happens when too much lead gets into the body. Lead can enter through the skin, or when a person breathes it in or eats or drinks something contaminated by lead. Lead in the body can hurt the brain, kidneys, and other organs.
Lead is toxic to everyone, but children younger than 6 years are at greatest risk for problems from it. Their bodies absorb lead more easily than those of older kids and adults. Children 9 months to 2 years are more likely to have higher lead levels because they crawl around and put their hands and other things in their mouth. Lead can pass from a mother to her unborn baby. If you are pregnant and think you have been exposed to lead or were exposed in the past, talk to your doctor about getting a blood test to check lead levels.
The most common way that kids get lead poisoning is from lead-based paint in older homes. Lead paint was banned in the United states in the late s.
Gasoline also contained lead, which was released into the air in car exhaust. Kids are exposed to lead from chipping paint; house dust; and contaminated soil around older homes, streets, airports, and industrial areas. Many children with lead poisoning have no symptoms. But even low-level lead exposure can lead to learning and behavior problems, like trouble paying attention.
Symptoms of lead poisoning include:. A simple blood test can diagnose lead poisoning. Very high lead levels may cause seizures, unconsciousness and death. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Overview Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body, often over months or years. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. More Information Preventing lead exposure. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Lowry JA. Childhood lead poisoning: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Accessed Sept. Lead: Prevention tips. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chelation therapy. Rochester, Minn.
Lowry JA. Introduction Lead is the most important toxic heavy element in the environment. Detection of lead poisoning Several methods are used to detect elevated blood lead levels.
Effects of lead poisoning All along human history, lead poisoning has been reported to have severe effects. Open in a separate window.
Figure 1. Possible pathway of lead poisoning Poisoning due to lead occurs mainly by ingestion of food or water contaminated with lead. Occupational exposure Occupational exposure is a major source for lead poisoning in adults.
Signs and symptoms Lead poisoning causes a variety of symptoms, including abnormal behaviour which varies from person to person, while time of exposure plays an important role Kosnett, Effects on children Pregnant women who have elevated blood lead levels are at a risk of premature birth or of babies with a low birth weight. Figure 2. Scheme how children become easy targets for lead poisoning in the environment home. Pathophysiology Exposure occurs through various ways like inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
Figure 3. Renal system A number of studies found low level environmental lead exposure to be associated with accelerated deterioration of chronic renal insufficiency Yu et al. Reproductive system The reproductive system of both males and females is affected by lead. Figure 4. Nervous system The brain is the most sensitive organ to lead exposure Cleveland et al. Diagnosis In order to prevent lead poisoning and toxicity, proper diagnosis is a primary and rather important issue.
Prevention and treatment Lead poisoning causes severe effects and is a matter of serious concern, yet importantly, it is preventable. Conclusion Of all the heavy metal poisonings, lead poisoning appears to be rather prominent. Acknowledgement The authors are highly thankful to the Chairman, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University and the host institution for providing facilities for the research. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.
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